书目名称 | Geometrical Geodesy | 副标题 | Using Information an | 编辑 | Maarten Hooijberg | 视频video | | 概述 | Practical approach of the topic | 图书封面 |  | 描述 | Surveying a Century Ago As it was based on the principles of geometry and trigonometry, surveying may be may be looked upon as a branch of practical mathematics. Hence, it was necessary that land surveyors and hydrographers should have a fair general knowledge, not only of these subjects, but also of all the subjects comprised by the term mathemat ics. In addition, the knowledge of mathematics required in ordinary chain surveying and levelling was not very extensive but in geodetical work, the highest mathematical ability and great organising power were required for a proper conception and supervision of the operations (Threlfall, 1940). Only small area of a few hundred square kilometres can be accurately mapped and surveyed without a frame work, since no difficulty is encountered because of Earth-curvature. In the past, especially in hydrography due to the type of work, surveying was carried out on the principles of ordinary practice, but in a very rough man ner, rapidity of execution being of paramount importance, the permissible error was sometimes large. The relative positions of the main surface features were obtained by aid of portable instruments, such as sextants and lea | 出版日期 | Book 20081st edition | 关键词 | Conformal projections; Fundament; Geoids; Parallel computers; Similarity transformations; Zone systems; ge | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68225-7 | isbn_softcover | 978-3-642-43336-8 | isbn_ebook | 978-3-540-68225-7 | copyright | Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 |
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