Titlebook: Geometrical Charged-Particle Optics; Harald H. Rose Book 20091st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 Aberration correctors.Elec

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Leaven

S. Quiroga,Z. Fernández-Haddad,C. Suárezc field vanishes. Therefore, within the frame of our definition, static fields are purely electrostatic. We rarely encounter time-dependent fields in charged-particle optics because in most cases the reciprocal transition time of the particle through the system is significantly smaller than the maxi

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58928-2ics, electron lenses are . lenses. The anisotropy results from the magnetic force, which depends on the direction of the particle velocity. Therefore, only electrostatic systems have an isotropic index of refraction. Since all realistic electromagnetic fields are inhomogeneous, the equations for the

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85229-9es, whose trajectories originate from a common point, which is usually a point of an object or source. Within the frame of our considerations, we neglect Coulomb interactions between the charged particles of the beam. In this case, we can consider the beam as an ensemble of noninteracting particles,

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07207-1n inverse problem by finding the geometry of the electrodes and pole pieces and the strengths of the currents and voltages, which produce the electromagnetic fields required for refracting the electrons appropriately. Owing to this difficulty, entire numerical methods are not suited for finding opti

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Commodities, Consumption and Production,ode. The latter electrode is at positive potential with respect to the cathode. The Wehnelt electrode is held at negative potential, which defines the spatial distribution of the zero-volt equipotential and hence the size of the emitting area of the cathode. Raising the potential of the Wehnelt enla

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Economic Welfare and Inequality in Iranl composition, and the local electronic states of real objects whose structure deviates from ideal crystalline periodicity. To obtain detailed information on the interatomic bonding, an energy resolution of about 0.1 eV is necessary. The presently available electron microscopes do not fulfill this r