Titlebook: Gene Function; E. coli and its heri Robert E. Glass Book 1982 Robert E. Glass 1982 DNA.Escherichia coli.RNA.Termination.biology.enzymes.gen

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steful energy consumption since both RNA and protein production expend ATP at a high rate. (Indeed, control mutants that unnecessarily expend energy may be outgrown by their wild-type counterparts in liquid culture.) Gene control also, clearly, prevents monopolisation of the transcription-translation apparatus.

hematuria

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OWL

Operon Controlcient to regulate protein production, control at the post-transcriptional level is energetically wasteful. Moreover, the transcription process supplies a ready means for the . of both linked and unlinked genes. Prokaryotic gene regulation acts predominantly, in fact, at the transcriptional level.

APO

MNCs: Competitors or Partners?,hose that carry their genetic material physically retained within a membrane, separate from the cytosol; and ., those that lack a distinct nuclear membrane. Bacteria are microscopic, predominantly unicellular species, ubiquitous in nature, belonging to this latter class. They come in many shapes and

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hange that permanently affects the chromosome, termed a ., results in an altered, . organism. Mutations in a particular gene give rise to a number of different . of that gene; these homologues may differ in one or more nucleotide pairs. The selective advantage that any one allele imparts to the muta

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elements are present in the cytoplasm and are not covalently linked to the chromosome). The term plasmid has been employed to describe those extrachromosomal genetic elements that are stably inherited.. Plasmids are distinct replicons — genetic units capable of replicating independently from the hos

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l components. Of the numerous cytoplasmic processes carried out by these biological catalysts, those that involve nucleic acid, in particular DNA, are crucial for cellular survival and, in the long term, for preservation of genetic information. Thus, although perturbation of a biosynthetic reaction