Titlebook: Gems of Theoretical Computer Science; Uwe Schöning,Randall Pruim Book 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 Kolmogorov complexity.Re

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-664-9error is supposed to be, the more random numbers are required. Here we introduce a method, whereby random numbers already used by an algorithm can be “recycled” and then reused later in the algorithm. In this way it is possible to drastically reduce the number of random numbers required to obtain a

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Differentiation und Integration,Before we begin, we want to review briefly the most important terms, definitions, and results that are considered prerequisite for this book. More information on these topics can be found in the appropriate books in the bibliography.

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XStudienbücher Medizinische InformatikIn the early years of computability theory, Emil Post formulated a problem which was first solved twelve years later independently by a Russian (Muchnik) and an American (Friedberg). The solution introduced a new method, the priority method, which has proven to be extremely useful in computability theory

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6 Biomechanica van ligamenten en pezenThe solution of the so-called second LBA problem came unexpectedly in 1987 and was discovered independently by an American (Immerman) and a Slovakian (Szelepcsényi). Among other things, this result says that the class of context sensitive languages is closed under complementation.

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Limitations and Future Directions,There is a surprising, at first glance unexpected, difference in (space) complexity between the problems of finding a path from a start node to an end node in a directed graph and of doing so in an undirected graph. In an undirected graph this is easier to solve; in fact, in can be done using a random walk or a universal traversal sequence.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03589-4This chapter begins with a question from predicate logic, namely to determine the set of all (sizes of) finite models of a given formula. It turns out that there is an amazingly close relationship between this question and the world of P and NP.

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Segmental Movement and Vibrations,Many (algorithmic) learning theories have been developed. The one which is now most often considered originated with L. Valiant (1984) and is called PAC-learning. In this chapter we show an interesting connection between PAC-learning and the principal known as “Occam’s Razor.”