Titlebook: Evolution of Venomous Animals and Their Toxins; P. Gopalakrishnakone,Anita Malhotra Living reference work 20200th edition

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-29982-1he presence of putative toxin proteins in the saliva of species usually regarded as non-venomous, and the expression of venom gene homologs in their salivary glands, led to the hypothesis that venom evolved a single time in reptiles. As the single, early origin of venom is synonymous with the Toxico

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K. Frisch,R. Goldschmidt,H. Wintersteinever, as with any biological trait, venom exists in an evolutionary context and must be considered as such if we are to gain a full understanding of the biology of animal venoms. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the diversity of venom and venomous animals and also a set of e

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Wanderungen bei Decapoden (Crustaceen), sea anemones produce venom locally in the tissue of use and deliver it via subcellular structures called nematocysts. The majority of venoms characterized from anemones are unique to the lineage. Although there are many components of venom that are only known from particular lineages, these are gen

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Nestbau und Brutpflege bei Amphibien.,nd deterring competitors (e.g., small mammals). Although a great amount of information in terms of their sequences, structures and pharmacological functions is available currently, the origin of these toxins remains unsolved. Based on the genomic organization and three-dimensional structure similari

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-16388-6sps use venom to manipulate the metabolism, development, and behavior of other arthropods for reproductive purposes. This provides a safe environment and nutrition for the next generation of wasps to feed and develop. Parasitoid wasp species diversity is estimated to be between 150,000 and 600,000 s