Titlebook: European Regions, 1870 – 2020; A Geographic and His Jordi Martí-Henneberg Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

BATE

Switzerlandormation and presents the three main levels of government. This chapter then undertakes some cross-sectional and inter-temporal comparisons regarding regional size and area. Finally, it explains the rationale of two further statistical units at regional level, namely, job market regions and the seve

GREEN

Belgiumin 1831. Belgium is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and a strong form of consociationalism. An important factor in Belgium’s state reform process has always been the language cleavage between Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia. Since 1970, Belgium has conseque

formula

Ornament

Luxembourgian State and the German Zollverein. It has always made an effort to sustain political and economic ties in all directions, also since gaining its independence in the nineteenth century. Collaboration within the Benelux Customs Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the European Union

清楚

臆断

Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland in 1922, there has been ongoing weakening of the local government system through the abolition of its lowest tier and the removal of many of its functions. Planning Regions created in 1964 were Ireland’s first regional administrative tier, but had few functions and no power. The

抱负

Swedenclesial local government was not established until 1862. The county level originates from the seventeenth century. The municipalities have been subject to two amalgamation reforms, aiming at strengthening their ability to carry out welfare functions, which reduced the numbers from 2400 to 290. They

牢骚

细菌等

Norway for functionally and territorially defined areas between the county and the central level of government without any political decision-making bodies, for example, the four functionally defined health regions, the territorially defined areas called . (NUTS 2), and the 89 economic regions (NUTS 4). I

irritation

Denmarkeductions were the loss of the Scanian areas to Sweden in 1660 and of Norway in 1814 to Sweden. The special situation of the duchies Slesvig and Holsten is illustrated and their loss to Prussia in 1866, and again the reunion with the northern part of Slesvig in 1920 after a referendum. The internal