Titlebook: Eternal Iran; Continuity and Chaos Patrick Clawson,Michael Rubin Book 2005 Patrick Clawson and Michael Rubin 2005 bibliography.Iran.politic

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From Empire to Nation,der Amir Timur (Tamerlane) as “father of the Uzbeks.” Saddam Hussein rebuilt the ancient city of Babylon, inscribing bricks with the words, “From Nebuchadnezzar to Saddam Hussein,” in an attempt to tie his state into the great Empire of Babylon.

消极词汇

,A New Order, 1921–1953,n enormous debt and functioning without any effective leadership. It was hard for proud Iranians to see their country—which had been a great empire when Europeans lived in caves or mud hovels—reduced so low. When . devoted its April 1921 issue to Iran, the words and photos showed graphically a dirt-poor country mired in the worst of the past.

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From Empire to Nation,and chancery gardens in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These countries’ leaders and schoolbooks often try to foster an artificial narrative of their history, retroactively creating nationalism. Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov, for example, has recast the fourteenth-century lea

混沌

,Qajar Iran: Decline and Tumult, 1786–1921,er internal competitors into a dynasty that would once again unite Iran. The rise of the Qajar dynasty coincided with the dawn of modern nationalism. During the more than 125 years of Qajar rule, the Iranian Empire transformed into a modern nation-state.

态度暖昧

,A New Order, 1921–1953,0, Iran lay humiliated, barely could resist the centrifugal forces that threatened to pull it apart along ethnic or linguistic lines, while both British-and Soviet-supported forces had effectively carved out spheres of influence. The Iranian government barely functioned, being reduced to penury by a

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,Modernizing Iran, 1953–1978,ies tripled in size. Almost half the population became urbanized, and 25 times more students graduated from high school than before World War I. Iran transformed from being a poor country like its eastern neighbor Pakistan to being a relatively more affluent developing country like its western neigh