Titlebook: Ergodic Concepts in Stellar Dynamics; Proceedings of an In V. G. Gurzadyan,D. Pfenniger Conference proceedings 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin

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Rania M. El Backly,Ranieri Canceddaysical one. It is shown that due to the discontinuity of the Lyapunov characteristic exponents their numerical calculations cannot be a proper method of studying the instability properties of the system. This fact occurs both for systems with softened (independent on the way of softening) and, what

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2316-2systems. The system itinerates between ordered and disordered states by its deterministic dynamics. Phase space structure and existence of long-time tail reveals that the ordered state is supported by hierarchical motion around ruins of regular orbits (KAM tori and islands.

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On the non-trivial concept of relaxation in N-body systems,

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W. Sabra,C. Groeger,An-Ping Zengxing. At least the formulaiton here is general and consistent with the most fundamental constraints that fluids are though to follow. For example in a schock, another instance where the hydrodynamic description fails, the shock conditions require precisely to conserve mass and momentum. Here not onl

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Ergodic methods in stellar dynamics,f .-body systems and the discovery of underlying relationships between them..The relations between the negativity of the two-dimensional curvature determined by the Newtonian interaction potential, the exponential instability of phase trajectories and relaxation driving effects for spherical stellar

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