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Titlebook: Environmental External Costs of Transport; Rainer Friedrich,Peter Bickel Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Atmospheric prot

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发表于 2025-3-21 20:05:54 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
书目名称Environmental External Costs of Transport
编辑Rainer Friedrich,Peter Bickel
视频video
概述The book offers an important basis for assessing transport techniques, discussing transport taxes and charges and implementing green accounting.Includes supplementary material:
图书封面Titlebook: Environmental External Costs of Transport;  Rainer Friedrich,Peter Bickel Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Atmospheric prot
描述Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project ‘ExternE Core/Transport‘, financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisci
出版日期Book 2001
关键词Atmospheric protection; Greenhouse Gas; Greenhouse Gases; ecosystem; ecosystems; emissions; environmental
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04329-5
isbn_softcover978-3-642-07588-9
isbn_ebook978-3-662-04329-5
copyrightSpringer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
The information of publication is updating

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,Allgemeines über das Spannungsgesetz,Since the uncertainties are large, an analysis of the uncertainties is crucial for the credibility of the results. To begin, one needs to identify and quantify the individual sources of uncertainty. It is appropriate to group them into different categories, even though there may be some overlap:
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Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems,The impacts of transport on terrestrial ecosystems can be broadly divided into three different categories:
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Quantification of Total and Average Externalities (Aggregation),The previous chapters described the approach for calculating the marginal external costs of transport (the costs caused by an additional vehicle). This chapter describes the issues and methodology associated with aggregating this externality data to levels required by policy instruments and for the analysis of energy balances.
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Aggregated Costs,This chapter presents the results of the aggregation studies within the project. The aggregation task was only undertaken by a small number of teams, with the aim of developing and demonstrating the approach.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-04957-9le approaches for emission calculation is an often criticised matter. Therefore it was attempted to avoid the use of national emission factor methodologies as far as possible, and to present a list of reference technologies for road transport, were the same basis was used.
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