Titlebook: Electronic Distance Measurement; An Introduction J. M. Rüeger Textbook 1996Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Distance m

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Mercury in Black-Waters of the AmazonThere are many ways to measure distances by electronic means. Four basic principles will be presented although only one will be discussed in greater depth.

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,Psychische Störungen: Zahlen und Fakten,Distance meters featuring visible light or near infrared (NIR) radiation as carrier waves are called electro-optical EDM instruments. These carrier waves follow the laws of geometrical optics; normal telescopes are used for transmitting and receiving the signals.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37420-3Apart from military laser rangers, electro-optical EDM instruments need a device at the target station which reflects the light (or infrared) beam back to the instrument. Reflecting devices should have the following properties:

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9388-0Power sources are very important in electronic distance measurement as no power means no distance measurements. The most common types of power sources are:

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