Titlebook: Electronic Circuits; Handbook for Design Ulrich Tietze,Christoph Schenk,Eberhard Gamm Book 20082nd edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbe

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55018-2he other hand, only two operating states are employed. We are only interested in whether a voltage is greater than a specified value . or less than a specified value . < .. If the voltage exceeds ., it is referred to as being in the H (high) state, and if it is below ., it is said to be in the L (low) state.

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Diodedes, which are intended for installation on printed circuit boards and are contained in an individual case, and integrated diodes, which are produced together with other semiconductor components on a common semiconductor carrier (.). Integrated diodes have a third connection resulting from the commo

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Field Effect Transistor that are used for mounting on printed circuit boards, and are contained in their own housings, and integrated field effect transistors that are produced together with other semiconductor elements on a common .. Integrated field effect transistors feature a fourth terminal called the substrate or .

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Amplifierssequent unit. For example, a microphone signal has to be amplified in several stages from the microvolt (µV) range to the volt (V) range in order to feed a loudspeaker. Similarly, the signals of thermocouples, photodiodes, magnetic reading heads, receiving antennas and many other signal sources can

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Latching CircuitsThe characteristic feature of linear circuits is that the swing is kept so small that the output voltage is a linear function of the input voltage. Consequently, the output voltage must not attain the positive or negative limits of the swing, as this would result in distortion. With . circuits, on t

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Logic Familiesmall number of basic logic circuits. We can work out how these basic logic elements have to be linked by applying purely formal methods to the problem. This approach is based on Boolean algebra which, when applied specifically to digital circuit design, is known as computational algebra. In the next

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Sequential Logic Systemsariables. It differs from a combinatorial logic system in that the output variables . are not only dependent on the input variable ., but also on the previous history, which is represented by the state of flip-flops. In what follows, we shall first discuss the design and operation of integrated flip