Titlebook: Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements; Hermann A. Haus Textbook 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Dispersion.HT

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Phase-Sensitive Amplification and Squeezing,e example of an amplifier, we assumed that the gain medium was either not saturated or, if saturated, was equilibrated fast enough that the gain was insensitive to the phase of the saturating signal. We also studied a laser resonator below threshold in Chap. 6, in which saturation effects could be neglected.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04190-1Dispersion; HTS; Kerr effect; LED; Optics; Phase; Soliton; Wave; communication; electronics; photonics

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https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230612778l structures. Hence a study of electromagnetic-field fluctuations requires the terminology and analytic description of structures excited by microwave or optical sources. The equipartition theorem of statistical mechanics used in Chap. 4 in the derivation of Nyquist’s theorem is formulated in terms

CHASM

Eigenschaften und Aufbau von Hartmetallen,orem and the reciprocity theorem. This background is necessary for the analysis of metallic waveguides and resonators as used in microwave structures. In this chapter, we analyze the modes of waveguides with perfectly conducting cylindrical enclosures. We determine the mode patterns and the dispersi

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,Hartmetall als verschleißfester Werkstoff,o provide low-loss enclosures. The same holds for reflectors. Whereas a metallic reflector is perfectly adequate at microwave frequencies, at optical frequencies reflectors have to be constructed using layered dielectrics of the proper thickness and dielectric constant. Total internal reflection is

Condense

General Thoughts on Capitalism,mes from the environment, but most of the noise is generated internally in the amplifiers. One source of amplifier noise is the shot noise that accompanies a flow of electric current. Another source is thermal noise, emitted by any resistor at any given temperature. Amplification is a nonequilibrium