Titlebook: Education in Central Asia; A Kaleidoscope of Ch Denise Egéa Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive lice

parsimony

使虚弱

Variation in Educational Quality in Kyrgyzstan by District and Language of Instruction: An Analysisthern regions; and according to the languages of instruction and testing. We discuss several possible theoretical approaches towards understanding this variation on the assumption that the NST reliably and validly measures learning of the content of the curriculum. Finally, we conclude by suggesting

鞠躬

Understanding Trilingual Education Reform in Kazakhstan: Why Is It Stalled?,ucation policy process in Kazakhstan, using data from policy documents, mass media, findings of previous research, and the author’s experience of participating in policy development and implementation. Data are interpreted through the theoretical lenses of “four orientations framework,” “the critica

Ruptured-Disk

Gender and Education in Tajikistan in the Pre-Soviet, Soviet, and Post-Soviet Eras,r lens during three time periods with distinctly different educational conditions: Pre-Soviet (prior to 1924), Soviet (1924 to 1991), and Post-Soviet (1991 onwards). In the Pre-Soviet era, formal education was religious and only available to girls and boys from upper class families, with boys taught

军械库

,Education in Turkmenistan Under the Second President: Genuine Reforms or Make Believe?,ly seems hardly probable, Turkmen education is headed for even deeper downgrading. The most motivated, privately trained, and wealthy enough students will be the only ones capable to become successful in the global labor market; others will be forced to keep as staff for corrupted Turkmen society an

埋伏

Global Forces and Local Responses in Tajikistan Higher Education: Analysis of Educational Reforms im has grown both vertically and horizontally. Joining the European Higher Education Area and the Bologna Process was proclaimed as one of the priorities by the government of Tajikistan as an indicator of the world standard in higher education. This chapter attempts to examine major educational polic

Mosaic

,A Narrative Study of International Students’ Sense of Belonging in Kazakhstan: Implications for Hig, psychological health, and safety in the host environment. It also enables international students to participate in the social and political life of the university by voicing their challenges and questions as equally valued members of the host community. The author concludes that training faculty m

bypass

Surviving in the Capital: How Teachers in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Turn Social Capital into Economic Cap unofficial school fee collection from parents. The goal of this chapter is to illustrate an example of the ways in which teachers and schools have the capacity to ignore, modify, and altogether undo education reforms.

Hallmark

依法逮捕

Urban Education: Challenges and Possibilities,h an exploration of our thinking with regard to a recent empirical study of young people’s educational aspirations in two urban contexts in Wales, a constituent country of the UK. Building on our exemplified theory of urban education developed in this chapter, we then explore in brief and schematic