Titlebook: Economic History of Europe: Twentieth Century; Shepard B. Clough,Thomas Moodie,Carol Moodie Book 1968 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Ma

Introduction

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,Bankbuchführung in programmierter Form,onalized industry, vast quantities of currency were printed and the ruble began to fall precipitously. By January, 1920, it took more than 2,400 rubles to buy what a single ruble had bought in 1913; by January, 1921, it took almost 17,000; and by January, 1922, almost 290,000. The following descript

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Introductionpean economy an ideal construction of human effort. Economic stability, security, and progress, which were so lacking after 1914, stood out as the dominant characteristics of the earlier age. John Maynard Keynes’s famous description of “Europe before the war” captures this attitude and many of the q

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Measures of Economic Mobilization: The British Example production, while at the same time providing for minimum civilian requirements; to expand rapidly certain key industries (such as armaments, shipbuilding, and chemicals); and to mobilize the labor force for a maximum effort in essential industries at a time when millions were diverted from producti

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The Problem of Essential Raw Materials in GermanyAllied blockade taxed the ingenuity of German science and industry to find substitutes and synthetics and led to a policy of rigid control of the limited supplies available. The architect of the German program was the industrialist Walther Rathenau. Here, in a speech delivered on December 20, 1915,

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Labor Problems and the Employment of Womenries everywhere. Governments soon intervened to ensure an adequate labor supply: skilled workers who had been called to the colors were returned to their jobs and others were protected from conscription; workers in nonessential industries were encouraged, and sometimes compelled, to change their job