Titlebook: Diseases of the Esophagus; Gaston R. Vantrappen,Jan J. Hellemans Book 1974 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1974 diseases.endoscopy.patho

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Champion

Physiologyed by a sphincter. The upper sphincter prevents the undesirable passage of air from the pharynx into the esophagus as well as the reflux of fluid from the gullet into the pharynx. The lower esophageal sphincter is important to prevent gastroesophageal reflux. Under certain circumstances, e.g. vomiti

抚育

History and Symptoms of Esophageal Diseasetand, or describing in a text book, the manifestations of a disease process, the more information one is given the better, provided that it does not cause confusion. A picture of what is happening and what may (but does not always) happen is built up. An unusual symptom or sign may then be more easi

ALLAY

Radiological Examination of the Esophagusis progress is due mainly to the use of improved equipment, i.e. the image intensifier and related techniques. Another important factor in this progress has been the cor relation of radiological, manometriC., endoscopic and anatomical observations, which has resulted in a better understanding of the

泥瓦匠

拍翅

CYT

The Manometric Examination of the Esophagushowed that all swallowed substances are transported into the stomach via the esophagus. The actual study of esophageal motility begins with the experiments of . (1877) and especially of . and . (1883). The latter used a balloon kymographic system which was taken over, with minor modifications, by ma

微尘

pH Measurementsglass electrode is sensitive to hydrogen ions. The potential difference between the glass and the solution is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution when the other variables are constant. By definition the pH is equal to the negative logarithm of the concentration of the hy

有权威

安心地散步

The Acid Infusion Testectoris (. and ., 1958; . et al., 1962). When perfusion of the esophagus with 0.1NHC1 elicited the patient’s symptoms, the test was said to be positive and was taken as evidence for the esophageal origin of these symp toms. It was suggested that these symptoms were due to esophagitis. Later studies