Titlebook: Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies; M. Elizabeth Halloran,Ira M. Longini,Claudio J. St Book 2010 Springer-Verlag New York 2010 Biostat

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Evaluating Protective Effects of Vaccination,y. Generally, interest has been in the ability of vaccination to prevent or to ameliorate disease rather than to prevent infection (Clements-Mann 1998). Ascertainment of cases is often done by finding suspected cases in the population under study in people who exhibit a set of symptoms. The suspecte

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Modes of Action and Time-Varying VE, vaccine is 90%. You might then wonder if that means that the vaccine reduces your probability of contracting the infection (or disease) by 0.90 at each exposure to infection. In other words, you still might have a finite probability of contracting the infection or disease each time you were exposed

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Household-Based Studies,r defining exposure to infection in vaccine studies as early as the 1930s in evaluating the efficacy of pertussis vaccines (Kendrick and Eldering 1939). In addition to evaluating vaccine efficacy, household studies have been used to learn about transmission and natural history of many infections. As

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Analysis of Independent Households, estimate vaccine efficacy based on the conventional secondary attack rate. We also consider the estimation of indirect effects of vaccination using household studies. The Reed–Frost model in Chapter 4 is another example of a model that assumes households or transmission units are independent.

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Surrogates of Protection, immune response to vaccination predictive of protection from infection and disease were available, it would help to avoid new large trials and facilitate getting new products and formulations approved. An immunological surrogate of protection could reduce the sample size or shorten the duration of