Titlebook: Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts; Cardiovascular, Resp Hwee Ming Cheng,Felicita Jusof Book 2018 Springer Nature Singapore

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2321-2action or ventricle ‘beat’ when energized by sympathetic nerve or circulating adrenaline. . Some words are employed loosely in Physiology and can overlap with common usage. The cardiac ‘beat’ is a good example. Most would associate the heart beat with the pulse that is palpable or the sound that can

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2321-2tricular pump is not a continuous pump, the pressure in the aorta fluctuates during a cardiac cycle. The maximum pressure exerted on the aortic wall during systolic contraction is called the systolic blood pressure.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0916-4tiplying the fractional concentration of the gas, N. in the mixture with the total pressure exerted by the gas mixture, P.. In atmospheric air, the gases of concern are nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The air partial pressure of oxygen at its fractional concentration of 21% is 0.21 × 760 mmHg,

colloquial

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0916-4 of oxygen as ml O. per deciliters of blood. The arterial blood O. content is around 20 ml O./100 ml blood or 20 ml O. %. The deoxygenated venous blood is not completely de-oxygenated as the venous O. content is still about 15 ml O. %. There is at rest, a tissue consumption of a quarter of the total

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0916-4hemoreceptors at the carotid/aortic bodies. After denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors, the response to PO. and pH in stimulating ventilation is abolished. However, the response to arterial PCO. is reduced only about 35%.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0916-4. The glomerulus together with its associated nephron filters plasma, and the tubules of the nephron either reabsorbs or secretes (or do both) the specific solutes. Only a select few unique solute are untouched (not handled) by the tubules. This is the case with Inulin that is just freely filtered a