Titlebook: Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers; Guy Gistau Baguer Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Materials for

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A Light Theory of Heat Exchangers for Cryogenic Use,This chapter is . on heat exchangers. It does not explain how to size a heat exchanger. It only contains a few reminders, the knowledge of them being necessary to understand how heat exchangers work and how do they behave in the various operating situations occurring in a helium refrigeration or liquefaction system.

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Special Thermodynamic Cycles,Combining the Joule Thomson and Brayton basic cycles allows designing special cycles for high powers or operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The electrical power that is taken on the net increases so much that it is mandatory to find most efficient solutions.

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Helium Management,When helium reaches very low temperatures, any impurity becomes a solid and may plug the cold circuits. The cycle helium pollution is discussed. Helium purification technologies (adsorption and cryo-trapping) and analysis are considered.

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Operation of a Helium Refrigeration Plant,In this chapter, one follows the operations that lead to operating conditions from room temperature state: circuit conditioning, cool-down, steady state and warm-up. Purity of the cycle helium in operation and everyday monitoring are discussed.

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Maintenance of a Helium Refrigeration Plant,The target of this chapter is to point out general practice and also common-sense behaviour in order to reach the highest reliability of a cryogenic plant and, therefore, to prevent troubles during the operation. Emphasis is put on the specific points that are related to a cryogenic refrigeration system.

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Examples of Various Plants,In Chaps. . and ., the theory of thermodynamic cycles has been developed. In Chap. ., the connection of these cycles to the object to be cooled was described. In this chapter, a few plants that are representative of their class are shown. The thermodynamic cycles of some of them are commented.

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The Saga of Cryogenic Refrigeration,It is always interesting and exciting to get some information on the history of an activity. A survey starting from liquefaction of the “permanent” gases up to the present state of cryogenic refrigeration is described.