Titlebook: Coral Reefs at the Crossroads; Dennis K. Hubbard,Caroline S. Rogers,George D. Sta Book 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

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Strong, Em, and Other Phrase Elementspeople and protecting shorelines from erosion. The anthropogenic causes of reef degradation are complex and operate over a broad range of scales and hierarchical levels, but accelerating climate change and its collateral impacts are currently the strongest drivers. Deleterious trends in local-scale,

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Strong, Em, and Other Phrase Elementsand function? Given the predicted effects of climate change, do reefs have a future? Is it possible to “manage” coral reefs for resilience? What can coral reef scientists contribute to improve protection and management of coral reefs? What insights can biologists and geologists provide regarding the

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,Coral Reefs at the Crossroads – An Introduction,easingly smaller and more specific disciplines, we often lose sight of important connections between physical and biological factors and how they can change over different spatial and temporal scales. As stresses on these robust yet fragile systems broaden and deepen, it is becoming increasingly imp

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Coral Calcification and Ocean Acidification,n and understanding the mechanisms involved. Major findings along the way include the observation that carbon fixed by photosynthesis in the zooxanthellae is translocated to animal cells throughout the colony and that corals can therefore live as autotrophs in many situations. Recent research has fo

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