Titlebook: Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology; 100 Years of the Han James E. Barrett,Clive P. Page,Martin C. Michel Book 2019 Springer Nature Swi

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Placebos and the Placebo Effect in Drug Trials,ared to another drug in comparator trials, is reached. Ignorance towards the placebo effect, which was common in the past, is no longer acceptable; instead, it should be the goal of all therapeutic trials to minimize the placebo effect in clinical trials, while utilizing and maximizing it in clinical routine.

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Why Are New Drugs Expensive and How Can They Stay Affordable?,t 90% attrition rate after start of clinical development. While many factors will be required in concert to keep innovative medicines affordable, reducing attrition appears to be the factor with the greatest potential to contain escalating drug development costs and thereby medication expenditures.

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Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Calcium and Voltage Indicators,nces. During recent years, limitations of small molecule-based indicators have been overcome by the development of genetically encoded indicators. Here we focus on fluorescent calcium and voltage indicators and point to their applications mainly in neurosciences.

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Book 2019atically changed the medical treatment paradigms of many diseases and these concepts have and will continue to shape discovery of new medicinies. Newly evolving technologies will similarly be discussed as they will shape the future of the pharmacology and, accordingly, medical therapy.

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Modifications of Bayes Procedures,ystems became more interested in the probes than the systems. Pharmacologists were always, and in many ways still are, bound to study drugs in systems they do not fully understand. Under these circumstances, null methods were the main ways in which conclusions about biologically active molecules wer

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2088-6lonal antibodies have also been found to provide valuable therapeutic approaches for modulating tumour pathophysiology. As our knowledge of cancer biology improves, the specificity of this new generation of drugs is generally delivering an improved therapeutic ratio compared to traditional cytotoxic

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Hossein Boomari,Soheila Farokhi were originally produced by hybridomas grown in culture and, subsequently, by recombinant DNA technology using mammalian cell expression systems. The antigen-binding region of the mAb is formed by the variable domains of the heavy and light chains and contains the complementarity-determining region

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57852-7ctive and safe means of treating the lungs is to deliver drugs directly to the airways. Surprisingly, the delivery of therapeutic aerosols has a rich history dating back more than 2,000 years to Ayurvedic medicine in India, but in many respects, the introduction of the first pressurised metered-dose