Titlebook: Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis; The Surface Science Society of Japan Book 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 Surfa

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Acoustic Microscopy,Biological ultrasonic microscopy, also known as biological scanning acoustic microscope, provides quantitative acoustic parameters like sound speed and characteristic acoustic impedance that are relevant to elastic properties.

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Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of most thoroughly used surface science techniques, which provides information on chemical states of both adsorbates and substrates on the basis of core-level shifts of photoelectrons excited primarily with X-rays.

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Atom Probe Field Ion Microscope,A high electric field of greater than 0.5 V/Å can be generated over the apex of a sharpened metallic needle (tip) with a radius of less than 100 nm, by application of a voltage of higher than a few kV to the tip.

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Atomic Force Microscope,AFM was developed to overcome a drawback of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which can only image conducting surfaces.

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Auger Electron Spectroscopy,As each element carries unique values of core-level binding energies, ., this has enabled the development of numerous elemental composition analysis methods based on core electron excitation.

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Cathodoluminescence,Cathodoluminescence is a light emission according to an electron beam injection.

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Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy/Phase-Contrast Microscopy,A specimen that has an even magnitude of reflectivity all over the surface is called a phase object.

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Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry,Ion beam bombardment with energy of less than a few tens of kiloelectron volts (primary ion bombardment) onto the sample surface causes sputtering phenomena following cascade mixing in the near-surface of the sample.