Titlebook: Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis; Pathophysiology and Zhi-Zhong Guan Book 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 Epidemiology.

fleeting

Visual-Field

Damage in Nervous System the central nervous system, changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of nerve cells, abnormal synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptor function, and signal transduction pathways. These changes will damage the function of nerve cells and show corresponding neurological symptoms and the decline o

红肿

Modification of Digestive Systempathological changes of microstructure, modifications of enzyme activity, and abnormal expressions of the related protein molecules. The effects of chronic fluorosis not only show direct damages on gastrointestinal tract, but also indirectly impair its metabolism and function by affecting the normal

fiscal

Modification of Urinary System the same time the organ retains the moisture absorption function and other useful substances to regulate water and electrolyte balance for maintaining the acid-base balance. In addition, kidney still has endocrine function to produce renin, erythropoietin, active vitamin D3, and prostaglandin. Thes

Assault

Modification of Cardiovascular Systemcular system injury triggered by fluorosis is the major manifestation of fluoride-induced non-bone damage. The investigation concerning the injury mechanism of fluoride on cardio-vascular system would further identify the non-bone damage induced by fluoride and its role in fluorosis pathogenesis. Th

泰然自若

Damage of Endocrine System damage skeleton and teeth, and also soft tissues, such as the endocrinological system. Here, we briefly focus on the influence of fluoride on thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, insulin sensitivity, and gonads, as well as the possible mechanism of fluoride toxicity. A large number of studies have sho

ARK

Damages to Reproductive System by Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis of endemic fluorosis on the male reproductive system are mainly manifested in the following aspects: changes in testicular tissue structure, disturbances in sex hormone levels, imbalance in the testicular oxidative/antioxidant system, elevated apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells, and reduced seme

中世纪

Enhanced Oxidative Stressronic) fluorosis. Extensive investigations on patients with endemic fluorosis, animal models of this disease and cultured cells exposed to high levels of fluoride all show that after a large amount of this ion is deposited in the bones, teeth and soft tissues, the levels of free radicals are elevate

为现场

High Level of Inflammationfor a disease called fluorosis. In more than 25 countries and regions in the world, the excessive fluoride content in the environment has led to the occurrence of chronic endemic fluorosis. Fluorosis not only damages bones and teeth, but also causes extensive pathological damage to human organs/syst

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