Titlebook: Circulating Fluidized Beds; J. R. Grace,A. A. Avidan,T. M. Knowlton Book 1997 Chapman & Hall 1997 combustion.design.dynamics.fluid.fluidiz

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Standpipes and return systems,s how well the solids transport systems have been designed. This is especially true in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) processes, because these processes are dependent upon rapid and reliable circulation of solids.

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Experimental techniques, fluid dynamics, transport and chemical behavior, experimentation remains essential. Because many phenomenological models require empirical input, their quality depends on the accuracy of measurement techniques. Process control and monitoring also require precise experimental data.

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Design considerations for CFB boilers,e for clean firing of solid fuels. The success of CFB boilers is mainly due to their fuel flexibility and environmental factors. The advantages include high combustion efficiency, low NO. and SO. emissions, and the ability to burn a wide variety of fuels including very low grade fuels. In developed

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,Applications of CFB technology to gas—solid reactions, is appropriate for a given process. The approach is to examine a number of commercially significant examples (other than combustion, which is dealt with elsewhere in this book) and to explore the features that make the CFB option more attractive than other forms of reactor for gas—solid reactions.

大猩猩

Fluid catalytic cracking,in 1942) had both the reactor and regenerator in the form of entrained circulating fluid beds. Over 50 years later, FCC is still the major application of fluidization with over 350 FFC units operating worldwide, and with new ones coming on stream every year. FCC units convert heavy fuel oil and petr

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Design and scale-up of CFB catalytic reactors, record, such scale-up is still not an exact science, but is rather that mix of physics, mathematics, witchcraft, history and common sense that we call engineering. The purpose of scale-up efforts is not to achieve fundamental and total knowledge of the process, but rather to minimize the possibilit

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Reactor modeling for high-velocity fluidized beds,ies and phases in order to be able to predict reactor conversions, yields and dynamic responses. Accurate modeling also requires an adequate representation of the chemical kinetics, while other factors such as heat transfer and thermodynamics may also play significant roles. Models are more complex

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Novel configurations and variants,ng and reduced backmixing (Lim .., 1995). However, due to the core-annulus structure, particle backmixing along the wall can still be significant. Gas—solids contacting is not optimal given the non-uniform distribution of gas and particle flow in the riser. Significant solids backmixing also occurs