Titlebook: Childbirth Trauma; Stergios K Doumouchtsis Book 2017 Springer-Verlag London 2017 Anal sphincter.Biomechanics.Childbirth.Pelvic floor anato

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Prediction, Risk Assessment, and Prevention of Childbirth Trauma,inal deliveries. There are numerous risk factors associated with the development of perineal trauma. The non-modifiable factors are ethnic origin, nulliparity and maternal age. The potentially modifiable risk factors are mainly obstetric: macrosomia, epidural anaesthesia, prolonged second stage, ins

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Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy for the Prevention and Management of Childbirth Trauma,erves, connective tissue and pelvic floor muscles may cause pelvic floor dysfunctions such as urinary and anal incontinence. Controlled trials have found pelvic floor muscle training to be effective in both prevention and treatment of incontinence. Common factors for all trials reporting a positive

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Prognosis of Childbirth Trauma,pan, with conflicting evidence and unclear causal and mechanistic explanations in the literature of the role of birth trauma. The greatest impact of vaginal birth trauma is on the incidence and prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse [.]. The prognosis of vaginal birth trauma on development or severity

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Questions in Daily Urologic Practiceof the anatomy of abdominal wall, external and internal genital organs, anal sphincter and pelvic muscles, including levator ani. The vulva consists of mons pubis, clitoris, hymen, labia minora and majora, vestibule and urethral meatus. The vagina is a virtual cavity between the bladder anteriorly a

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