Titlebook: Cacao Diseases; A History of Old Ene Bryan A. Bailey,Lyndel W. Meinhardt Book 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Cacao

EWER

aggravate

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9620-6ae (Lamiales) is discussed in relation to the evolution of the pathotypes from benign to malign endophytes of woody plants. The etiology of the disease remains a matter of conjecture and there is circumstantial evidence indicating that the fungus may have developed a symbiotic association with anoth

Kindle

,Keine Beziehung? Kein Geschäft!,ions to combat the fungus. In this chapter we present an overview of progress in the understanding of . genetics and the molecular mechanisms governing WBD, provide a model for the .–cacao interaction, and point to new directions to fight this disease.

grandiose

arthroscopy

affect

,Top-Networker öffnen ihre Trickkiste,wing a severe epidemic in the 1960s: a unique wind-dispersed basidiomycete pathogen was identified that infected young leaves of cacao seedlings and mature trees, colonizing the xylem and resulting, after about 3 months, in characteristic symptoms of leaf chlorosis, leaf fall, and branch dieback or

fulcrum

Odutayo O. Odunuga,Henry F. Epstein, resulting in either the overestimation or underestimation of these diseases in the field. This chapter discusses the situation and outlook, taxonomy, distribution, symptoms, modes of spread, and impact of these diseases on cacao. It also discusses control measures available for these diseases and

出血

Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs,Susanne Prediger experience in controlling the disease exists for this crop. Care should be taken, however, as the impact of root and wood rot pathogens such as . species results not only in tree death but also in reduced tree vigor and yield. The availability of genomes for both . and . species provides valuable o

纵欲

Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs,Stefan Halverscheidhe perennial nature of the cacao host plant. Currently, cultural methods are often used as the main management approaches with chemical control being considered too costly or ineffective. Development of breeding programs against the unspecialized pathogens is one area of research that should be expa

协定

Origin, Dispersal, and Current Global Distribution of Cacao Genetic Diversityments. Cacao differs from major field crops with regard to the untapped wild populations, which are still abundant in the Amazon region where they are coevolving with the pathogens. Moreover, in the absence of reproductive barriers, these wild populations could be readily crossed with cultivated cro