Titlebook: Basic Physiology; Paul D. Sturkie (Emeritus Professor of Physiology) Textbook 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1981 Basic.Physiologie.Ti

压舱物

Ingrained

Higher Functions of Cerebral Cortex,ghts, and to store experiences—are to a large extent centered in the cerebral cortex. The total awareness of the relationship between oneself and the surrounding environment depends on excitation of the neural networks in the cerebral cortex. It is the site of both consciousness and intellect.

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Neural Control of Visceral Activity,e visceral control centers are concerned with the maintenance of a constant internal environment. All of the visceral systems—cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, metabolic, renal, reproductive, and respiratory—are affected by the activity of these neural control centers.

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The Heart As A Pump, It is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the lungs. Most of the heart lies just to the left of the midline of body (Fig. 15.1). It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria are thin walled, the ventricles much thicker, particularly the left ventricle, which is the high-pressure chamber.

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Respiration, the mitochondrion. Without this reaction life cannot exist for more than seconds. Coincidental with the reduction of O. is the production of CO.; this comes mainly from oxidative phosphorylation of glucose which also occurs principally in the mitochondrion.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82002-0The body is made up of systems that comprise organs, tissues, and cells. These systems, which carry out all of the body’s functions include the: 1) skeletal, 2) muscular, 3) nervous, 4) circulatory, 5) digestive, 6) respiratory, 7) urogenital (including reproductive and excretory systems), and 8) endocrine.

GROSS

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55651-7The temperature of an animal’s immediate surroundings may profoundly affect its physiologic performance. On earth, the ambient temperatures may vary from about -50°C (-58°F) in the arctic winter to almost 60°C (140°F) during the summer in some deserts. The range of temperatures at which living cells can function, however, is only about 50°C.

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Tissues, Organs, and Skeletal Organization,The body is made up of systems that comprise organs, tissues, and cells. These systems, which carry out all of the body’s functions include the: 1) skeletal, 2) muscular, 3) nervous, 4) circulatory, 5) digestive, 6) respiratory, 7) urogenital (including reproductive and excretory systems), and 8) endocrine.