Titlebook: Airway Diseases; Cemal Cingi,Arzu Yorgancıoğlu,Alvaro A. Cruz Reference work 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 ENT.Pulmonology.Uppe

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Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023

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Embryological and Postnatal Development of the Airwaysut the fourth week of pregnancy. The nasal placodes arise bilaterally in a caudal direction. The development of the nasal pits produces the nasal processes, both medial and lateral. The former processes develop into the septum, philtrum, and nasal premaxilla. The latter contribute the lateral walls

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Pathophysiology of the Upper and Lower Airwayso congested sinuses, transudation, and swelling. In the latter case, glandular activity produces excess mucus. The result of both processes is nasal blockage. When allergens are bound by immunoglobulins, inflammation is provoked by signal release, causing nasal dysfunction to occur in several ways.

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