Titlebook: Atlas of Echocardiography in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Diseases; Maryam Moradian,Azin Alizadehasl Book 2021 Springer-Verlag GmbH Ger

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Malposition of Septum Primum,Septum primum malposition is responsible for different degrees of abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins. It is usually accompanied by heterotaxy and polysplenia. Abnormal deviation of septum primum toward the anatomic left atrium in echocardiography should rise the suspicion of this diagnosis.

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Affectation

Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava,Echocardiographic subcostal windows are very helpful to evaluate the junction of inferior vena cava (IVC) to right atrium (RA). Absence of intra hepatic segment of IVC, interruption of IVC, should be suspected when IVC-RA junction cannot be seen, especially in association with heterotaxy syndrome.

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Tetralogy of Fallot with Absence of the Pulmonary Valve,In this rare anomaly which is similar to Fallot’s tetralogy, the pulmonary valve leaflets are rudimentary and nonfunctional, resulting in severe pulmonary incompetence. The pulmonary artery and branches are enlarged and may lead to respiratory symptoms.

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Offstage

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD),presence of an ASD primum, “goose neck” deformity, counterclockwise rotation of left ventricular papillary muscles, and cleft of left atrioventricular valve. Assess if it is suitable for biventricular repair.

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