Titlebook: Animal Sonar; Processes and Perfor Paul E. Nachtigall (Head, Research Branch),Patrick Book 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York 19

mechanism

屈尊

Lumbar-Stenosis

The Production of Echolocation Signals by Bats and Birdsof these signals by the auditory system. Since the transmitter and receiver are equal partners in the successful operation of a sonar system, we need to know more about how an animal controls the important information-bearing properties of its echolocative signal and about interactions between its v

惊奇

Propagation of Beluga Echolocation Signals1949). Gurevich and Evans (1976) trained a blindfolded beluga to discriminate between complex targets presented in pairs, and found that the animal typically emitted echolocation signals with peak frequencies close to 40 kHz, and secondary peaks at 80 and 120 kHz. Kamminga and Wiersma (1981) reporte

碎石头

Nasal Pressure and Sound Production in an Echolocating White Whale, ,rynx as most mammals do (Ridgway et al. 1980). With electromyography (EMG), we studied the activity of laryngeal muscles and nasal muscles, making comparisons between the two groups of muscles during sound production. Certain muscles of the nasal system were active during all dolphin whistles and cl

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The Study of the Sound Production Apparatus in the Harbour Porpoise, ,, and the Jacobita, , by Meansatus of the harbour porpoise, . and the jacobita or the Commerson’s dolphin, .. As the majority of investigators seem to agree that the sound source lies in the upper nasal passage (Norris et al., 1971; Diercks et al., 1971; Hollien et al., 1976; Dormer, 1979; Ridgway et al., 1980; Amundin and Ander

精确

The Anatomy of Acoustic Structures in the Spinner Dolphin Forehead as Shown by X-Ray Computed Tomogrvolutionary process referred to as “telescoping” (Miller, 1923). Deep within the forehead and acting as valves in the superior bony nares are two muscled nasal plugs. These both have connective tissue flaps (lips) on their lateral margins that may be involved in sound generation (Evans and Prescott,

NEXUS

Individual Variation in Vocal Tract Resonance May Assist Oilbirds in Recognizing Echoes of Their Ownrds typically last about 40 to 80 ms and are emitted at repetition rates up to about 12/s. Most of the acoustic energy lies beween 1 and 15 kHz. Sound during some clicks is continuous but other clicks, here referred to as double clicks, are divided by a silent period lasting about 20–30 ms into two

阻止

Midbrain Areas as Candidates for Audio-Vocal Interface in Echolocating Bats echolocation. In many species the spectral parameters of the emitted echolocation sounds are adapted to the special echolocation tasks during a behavioral sequence. In order to control the parameters of the echolocation sounds appropriately the relevant information has to be transmitted from the au

larder

The Sounds of Sperm Whale Calvess. The observations include sounds from four small stranded calves held for short periods in aquaria at Miami, Florida, and Seattle, Washington, and in a bay on Long Island, New York. These vocalizations were compared with those of larger calves encountered at sea. All the calves produced typical sp