Titlebook: Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health; Amino acids in syste Guoyao Wu Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclus

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indignant

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91110-6ids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes supporting their high energy demand and/or production of bioactive metabolites such as glutathione or nitric oxide. In contrast, other amino acids are mainly used as building blocks for the intense protein synthesis associated with the rapid epithelium

Lipohypertrophy

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91110-6lutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, glycine, serine, and homoarginine), glucose, and glutathione (a major antioxidant). Similar biochemical reactions occur in the liver of birds except for those for arginine and glutamine hydrolysis, proline oxidation, and gluconeogenesis from AAs.

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Acquired

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91110-6rption of nutrients, and excretion of metabolites. In fish, the kidneys also serve as a . lymphoid and endocrine organ for the generation of red blood cells, the development of lymphocytes, and the production of hormones (e.g., glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones). In humans and al

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inclusive

Ulrik Brandes,Sven Kosub,Bobo Nicklism, proliferation, differentiation and growth by themselves or through their derivatives. At the whole body level, the bioavailability and metabolism of amino acids, interacting with other macronutrients, is critical for the physiological processes of reproduction including gametogenesis, fertiliz

Outmoded

Selbstorganisation und Betriebswirtschaft including intestinal microbiota, epithelial layer and lamina propria. Various factors (e.g., nutrients) affect the intestinal defensive system and progression of intestinal diseases. This review highlights the current understanding about the role of amino acids (AAs) in protecting the intestine fro

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