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Africa in the Hierarchy of China’s Core National Interestson” (1840–1949), the first 60 years of the PRC (1949–2009), and the World financial crisis in 2008, China regained the status of the center of the international system and the world economy. The foreign policy of both ancient and modern China is based on the principles of egocentrism and a global ne

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The African Union and Peacekeeping in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities the African Union (AU) heralded (or so it was hoped) a new era in how African conflicts are managed and resolved. Since 2003, the AU has mandated a number of peace support operations including the African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB), the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS), and the African Un

exorbitant

African Peacekeeping and African Integration: Current Challengesrent challenges to African peacekeeping, peacemaking, and African integration. The continuing Libyan civil war epitomizes the diplomatic stalemates and military stalemates which form the limits of current African peacekeeping. It exposes the North African Regional Capability and North African Standb

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Rankle

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Farmer-Herders Conflict as a Challenge to National Unity in Nigeriaisputes, and the proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in the Sahel and West Africa have exacerbated the struggle for the survival and security of economic livelihoods, and in particular negatively affected relationships between shepherds and farmers in several communities in Africa.

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H. Matthies,E. Kammerer,Christine Raucabolic indicator of when Africa began to emerge from the days of European colonisation. However, from the beginning, very few of Africa’s leaders sought to reorganise the continent’s economic structures and did virtually nothing to question its external exchange relations. Preferring to play the role

catagen

E. Costa,D. L. Cheney,G. Racagniation of new state borders. Having received formal sovereignty, African countries faced the challenge of building their own identity. However, most metropoles continued to actively intervene in the affairs of the former colonies under the pretext of assisting them in state-building, forming of the e

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David A. Joyce,Peter M. Wintertond to be rather contradictory: on one hand, the country supported the draft “Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,” but at the same time spoke up for the Portuguese colonial policy in preserving its colonies by emphasizing the “civilizing mission,” as well as