Titlebook: Advanced Technique of Endoscopic Cervical and Thoracic Spine Surgery; Hyeun Sung Kim,Dong Hwa Heo,Chun-Kun Park Book 2023 The Editor(s) (i

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Henryk Flashner,Jill L. McNitt-Grayack of clear anatomical landmarks and hindered visualization of anatomical structures due to narrow operating view are significant limitations in the endoscopic approach to the spine. Complications during the learning curve period of endoscopic spine surgery usually occur due to unfamiliarity with e

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Biomechanical Transport Processesal degenerative changes. Various surgical options are available to treat the pathologies that cause cervical radiculopathy. Anterior cervical approach, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR), has been considered the gold standard treat

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Segmental Movement and Vibrations,ommended for at least 6 weeks in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy without myelopathy..For patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy refractory to conservative management from lateral disc herniation or degenerative spondylotic foraminal stenosis, a posterior endoscopic cervical foramino

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2696-1reatment of cervical spondylosis and disc degeneration, direct anterior decompression with fusion or indirect posterior decompression using microscopy has been used widely as the standard procedure depends on the location of pathology as well as the surgeon’s own preference. Anterior cervical discec

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