Titlebook: World Economy and International Business; Theories, Trends, an Alexander Bulatov Textbook 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author

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World Economy: Growth, Proportions, Efficiency, and ForecastingThis chapter firstly describes the factors and main models of economic growth, as well as its dynamics in retrospect. Then, it analyzes the main economic proportions and indicators of macroeconomic efficiency in the world. At the end of the chapter, there is a section on the methodology and practice of macroeconomic forecasting.

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World Economy Major Trends: International Economic IntegrationThis chapter deals with theoretical approaches to the international economic integration and its evolution. The course and direction of integration processes in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Near and Middle East and the post-Soviet space are discussed.

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Global Challenges: Backwardness and ModernizationThe chapter considers the essence, causes and consequences of economic backwardness. It describes the main models of modernizing the backward economy, as well as the problems of modernization of developed economies.

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Global Challenges: Social ProblemsThe chapter focuses on such global social problems as mass poverty in less developed economies, social differentiation and demographic problem both in developed and less developed economies, and non-observed economy in both groups of countries.

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Developed Economies as a GroupBased on three centres of developed economies—USMCA, EU, and developed Asia—the major trends, problems, and challenges of developed countries are analysed. The chapter also gives an analysis of the real, financial, external, and social sectors of the developed economies as a group.

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European UnionThis chapter deals with a comprehensive analysis of the development of the European Union economy. Both country aspects of economic activity and mechanisms of regulation and coordination of economic policy in the EU at the supranational level are considered.