Titlebook: Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology; Volume 1: Invertebra Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira,Bret A. Moore,Gil Ben-Sh Textbook 2022 Springer Nature

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Ophthalmology of Anguimorpha and Iguania: Chameleons, Monitors, Dragons, Iguanas, and relativesse was considered rare in reptiles (Millichamp et al. 1983; Ensley et al. 1978). However, with an increase in routine ophthalmic examination and research, we have come to realize that the reptile eye, similar to other domestic species, can be affected primarily or secondary to systemic disease or po

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Ophthalmology of Testudines: Turtles and Tortoisestrate significant morphological diversity, occupying a wide array of terrestrial and aquatic habitats and ranging in adult size from 8 cm in length or 140 g in the speckled tortoise (.) to over 2 m in length or 900 kg in the leatherback sea turtle (.) (Davenport et al. 2009; Loehr 2018). While subst

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Ophthalmology of Crocodilia: Alligators, Crocodiles, Caimans, and Gharialsting. As an apex predator, they do not often suffer trauma from attack; however, their eyes are anatomically situated on the dorsal aspect of their skull such that they can submerge themselves but leave their eyes above water to survey and inspect, which may make them more susceptible to injury. Mos

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Ophthalmology of Crocodilia: Alligators, Crocodiles, Caimans, and Gharialst ophthalmic disease in Crocodilians involves the cornea or the uveal tract, with uveitis topping the list of clinically significant diagnoses. There is, however, a paucity of reports of clinical ophthalmic disease in Crocodilians.

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