Titlebook: What Were the Crusades?; Jonathan Riley-Smith Textbook 1992Latest edition Jonathan Riley-Smith 1992 bibliography.crusades.Eastern Europe.e

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When Were the Crusades?,poral ruler. At least some of the participants took a vow which subordinated them to the Church and assured some papal control over them in matters other than the actual waging of war. A crusade was regarded as a form of pilgrimage and pilgrimage terminology was often used of the crusaders and their campaigns.

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Textbook 1992Latest editiontudy of the crusading movement. The book deals with the legitimising authority of the papacy, the nature of the crusade vow and of the privilege accorded to crusaders, the developments of the indulgence, and the role of Military Orders.

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What Were the Crusades?, the crusades dominated the thoughts and feelings of western Europeans between 1095 and 1500 so profoundly that there was scarcely a writer on contemporary affairs who did not at some point refer to one of them or to the fate of the states established in their wake on the eastern shores of the Medit

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A Just Cause,prevail today. It is just to defend one’s country, laws and traditional way of life, just to try to recover property unlawfully taken by another, perhaps even just to enforce by physical means a properly delivered judicial sentence. It is not just to wage a war of aggrandisement or of conversion. Th

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Legitimate Authority,ugustine’s answer has proved itself to be generally acceptable. In a private capacity no man ought ever to kill, even in his own defence; but he may be justified in doing so as a public duty. Public warfare, as opposed to personal acts of violence, must be legitimised by public authority. It follows

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When Were the Crusades?,an Holy War, fought against the infidels in the East, in Spain and in Germany and against heretics, schismatics and Christian lay opponents of the Church for the recovery of property or in defence. Its cause was just in the traditional sense, but it was related to the needs of all Christendom or the