Titlebook: Westernization Movement and Early Thought of Modernization in China; Pragmatism and Chang Jianbo Zhou Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicabl

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防御

IRS

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Raising Capitalat the authority levy new tax categories (tariffs and likin (lijin) tax). As Western countries were concerned about searching for profitable fields of investment, it created the condition for the Westernization Group to use foreign capital.

EXPEL

Change of Time and Formation of Westernization Thought played important roles in the process of the modernization of China and other developing countries. The reason is that these countries are forced to make choices regarding their fates in the absence of modernization. The following outlines real and logical situations. First, most people cannot view

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Guiding Principles of the Westernization Movementementing relations with western countries, conducting domestic reform,” and “Confucianism leads the basics, while western science leads the techniques.” The first two principles tell us to improve the external environment to create a favorable condition for internal reform, while the latter indicate

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较早

Social Reformative Thoughts of the Westernization Groupransform existing national regimes, and construct social ethics. However, the discussion on the Westernization bureaucracy differed from that of the Westernization ideologues. Although the bureaucracy saw serious conflicts between existing national regimes and new production methods, they appealed t

键琴

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