Titlebook: 21st-Century Narratives of World History; Global and Multidisc R. Charles Weller Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

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Front Matteran cancers where dysfunctional telomeres have been proved to participate in genetic instability. Due to end replication problem, there is a loss of nucleotides from telomere after every cell division. Thus, after limited divisions, normal somatic cells cease to divide and undergo senescence and/or a

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dies, have led to the development of new therapeutic regimens using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of solid tumors. In some therapeutic designs, the antibody is itself the therapeutic agent, whereas in others it is the vehicle by which a cytotoxic agent is concentrated upon the tumor cel

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‘Grand Narrative’ and ‘New’ World Histories: Their Historical Challenges and Contributions in Wester increased rapidly after the decrease in lethal infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and typhoid, following national efforts to improve hygiene and public health. The decrease in these diseases also rapidly increased the average life span, and since the twentieth century, cancer has become one

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of breaking and/or forming covalent bonds with extraordinary specificity, accelerating the rate of these reactions. The ability of RNA to serve as a catalyst was first shown for the self-splicing group I intron of . and the RNA moiety of RNAse P .. Subsequent to the discovery of these two RNA enzym

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The Human System: An Introductionated, confer a significantly increased risk of cancer. Additional genes that confer a more modest risk of cancer are also being discovered. Together with improved understandings of environmental risk factors, increasingly accurate predictions of individual cancer risk will become available. Further,

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Social and Cultural World Historyst common subtype of RCC is clear cell RCC (ccRCC) which accounts for approximately 70–80% of cases. A number of genetic aberrations have been reported to be associated with RCC. These include mutations of the von-Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor (.) gene which can be associated with a hereditary form