Titlebook: Voyages on the Northern Sea Route; Tadeusz Pastusiak Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Northern Sea Route.Ice Navigation.Vesse

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Tadeusz Pastusiakn cities. The question then arises whether policy control over population growth of cities is the best thing to do? A broad answer to this can be stated simply by appreciating the fact that cities are emerging as modern centres of growth and development, offering better work opportunities and qualit

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Introductory Informationd the state of the world economy. The ice classes of vessels are described and vessel ability for unassisted navigation in ice. In order to be able to carry out any sea voyage in accordance with the requirements of Good Practice of Seaman and the International Maritime Organization, the vessel shoul

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Decision Support System for Initial Planning of a Voyage on the NSR and quantitative indicators were included in the system. The criteria for route selection in summer navigation season were based on ice concentration using probabilistic methods. Average values of opening and closing dates of ice-free transit zone and their standard deviations were used. Trend line

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Dangerous Hydrometeorological Phenomena Occurring on the NSRrence of ice formations, such as ice fields and patches of multiyear ice, large anomalies of direction, speed, location or area of close ice, large anomalies of ice massifs area, ice strips and fragmented highly hummocked ice of high horizontal dimensions, thickness and hummocking making it difficul

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Selected Dangerous Hydrological Phenomena and Voyage Planningnitial route planning based on Russian long-term forecasts of ice navigation conditions on the NSR covering time up to 2–5 months ahead. Thematic scope of these forecasts includes dates of occurrence of particular types of ice navigation, area covered with close ice (ice massifs) and anomalies of ic

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The Impact of Ice Conditions on Maritime Transport on the NSR their horizontal and vertical dimensions. Next, the author explained the ability of vessels to perform voyages on the NSR in the yearly cycles of ice cover changes and definitions of “openings in ice” that are most suitable for ice navigation. Various hydrometeorological phenomena and their influen

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