Titlebook: Virus-Resistant Transgenic Plants: Potential Ecological Impact; Mark Tepfer,Ervin Balázs Conference proceedings 1997 Springer-Verlag Berli

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governments through legislation, the permit processes are administered by elected officials. Environmental legislation is relatively new as an independent field of the law: the laws themselves are primarily a conglomeration of older legal doctrines from other fields of law, modified and adapted for

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Virus Evolution; the Past, a Window on the Future?,ination and the generation of genes .. The major lineages of plant viruses differ in their biochemical and ecological life styles, whereas isolates of single species usually differ only by point mutations and in the virulence of the symptoms they produce. Homologous recombination may be one of the p

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Systematic Search for Recombination Events in plant Viruses and Viroids,3′ non-coding regions of all potyviruses for which more than 4 independent sequences were available in the databanks. In the case of potato virus Y (PVY), close to one third of the isolates present in the databanks derived from a recombination event, identifying five different breakpoints scattered

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Studies on RNA Recombination , and ,,plus-strand synthesis..Others (Miller et al.) have speculated that the origin of some viruses may have occurred by replicase template-switching at subgenomic RNA promoters, which would also likely occur during plus-strand synthesis. Within a 600 base region that contains both the 1.45 and the 1.7 su