Titlebook: Viroids; Methods and Protocol Ayala L. N. Rao,Irene Lavagi-Craddock,Georgios Vid Book 2022 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Sp

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High-Throughput RNA Extraction from Citrus Tissues for the Detection of Viroidsrveys, and other regulatory, quarantine, or research diagnostic programs are increasingly dependent on high-throughput tissue pulverization and nucleic acid extraction protocols. Magnetic bead-based approaches using semi-automated robotic equipment allow high-throughput extraction and purification o

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Extraction and Purification of Viroids from Herbaceous Hostsaditional protocols that require large amounts of starting tissue and take several days to perform to those based on column chromatography which is more efficient and can be performed with smaller amounts of infected tissue. The goal of all protocols is to enrich for RNA fractions that contain viroi

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Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Viroid RNAsy in mobility that circular RNAs experience under denaturing conditions. First PAGE separates RNA preparations from viroid-infected plants, and the whole lane from this first gel is next perpendicularly loaded on top of a second gel. Separation continues under new conditions that differ in the degre

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A Simplified Dot-Blot Hybridization Protocol for , Detection in Solanaceaebe and a simplified extraction procedure that avoids the use of hazardous chemicals. PSTVd was detected in composite tomato leaf samples in a ratio of up to 1:15 of PSTVd-infected to non-infected tissue and in composite potato tuber samples in a ratio up to 1:5 of PSTVd-infected to non-infected tiss

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Gel Blot Hybridization for Viroidsloped about viroids and also an excellent method for viroid detection. Here we describe the methodology of a Northern blot based in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, hybridized with a viroid full-length riboprobe labeled with chemiluminescence. Viroid detection with thi

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Tissue Print Hybridization for Detection and Characterization of Viroidson technique, such as tissue printing. After fixing the samples on the membrane, hybridization steps similar to Northern or dot blot can be successfully implemented as long as factors like stringency and low viroid titer are properly adjusted to enable enhancement of the detection limit. The protoco

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