Titlebook: Victims and the Criminal Trial; Tyrone Kirchengast Book 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 Criminology.Socio-legal

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Compensation and Victim Assistance,e the offering of awards and . payments to victims, the initial reference to criminal injuries compensation, a term still used in the UK, refers to the absence of the victim and an acknowledgment of the injury, or the consequence of the criminal conduct, that constitutes the injury as a manifestation of criminal harm.

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Pre-Trial Processes: Arrest, Bail, Discovery and Prosecution Decision-Making, arena of contestation for trial participants. The pre-trial phase is, however, significantly determinative for all participants and often includes opportunities for victim participation that impacts on later phases of the trial. While the offender will definitely experience processes that shape the

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Trial by Jury,law of evidence that strictly controls the accused’s access to the victim during the trial, including the right to examine the victim in open court, the victim’s right to out-of-court evidence, to court support, for retrials following acquittal, and for rehearing following appeal. This chapter also

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Sentencing,tory frameworks for the taking into account of harm occasioned to the victim (victim impact statements, VISs) and community (community impact statements, CISs), the significance of general harm caused by an offence, and the need to focus on denunciation, deterrence, and retribution as principles of

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Appeals, Punishment and Parole,ps the exception of the parole hearing, where the victim may be invited to attend to submit a VIS, victims have been afforded few rights once the prisoner is handed over to the state for punishment. The appeals process contains few powers that could be characterised as service, participatory, or enf

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