Titlebook: Vascular Surgery; Christos D. Liapis,Klaus Balzer,José Fernandes e F Book 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 Bypass.Diabetic Foot

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The History of Vascular Surgery in Europe a scientific way to preserve objectivity. Undertaking this task of presenting the history of vascu- lar surgery in Europe is difficult within the allotted time constraints, which necessarily are in conflict with being comprehensive and objective.

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Lipids and Peripheral Arterial Diseased to have their modifiable vascular risk fac- tors controlled. Dyslipidaemia, a modifiable vascular risk factor, should be treated aggressively with lipid-lowering drugs, according to international guidelines [5, 13, 16, 37]. The earlier low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) targets {European LDL-C target <96 mg/dl (2.5 mmol/l)

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Noninvasive Diagnosis of Vascular Diseasespressure index, Doppler wave forms, treadmill exercise) that provide location and functional severity of disease, and the . evaluation, colour duplex imaging (CDI), which provides more specific anatomical and physiological information.

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Preoperative Evaluation of a Vascular Patient coronary artery disease and the high degree of haemodynamic cardiac stress with profound alteration in heart rate, blood pressure, vascular volume, bleeding and clotting tendencies, vascular surgery represents an inter- mediate (1–5%)to high (>5%)mortality risk.

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Extracranial Carotid Artery Diseaserdial infarct and repeated stroke [76]. Atherosclerosis from supra-aortic vessels, especially from the common carotid bifurcation, is the major single aetiology of ischaemic stroke in developed countries as opposed to intracranial occlusive disease and cardioem- bolization.

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Quality Control in Vascular Surgery-pass. In recent years duplex scan and colour du- plex scan have been widely used, thus permitting us to check the reconstruction for its physiological and mor- phological parameters (vessel wall and lumen).