Titlebook: Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques; Roald Otnes,Alfred Asterjadhi,Michele Zorzi Book 20121st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb

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Topics Bordering the Physical Layer,eration time of hours or a few days, any standard equipment will have a clock drift that is negligible given most applications and network protocol stacks. Given this argument, synchronization of clocks can be done on board, before deployment. This might be true for some cases, even though from a pr

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Medium Access Control,er networks, MAC protocols orchestrate the access to the acoustic communication channel. Without MAC, collisions of unsolicited modem signals may greatly degrade the overall network performance. The basic MAC objective is to avoid collisions, but more generally MAC protocols deal with network throug

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Routing,network are within the transmit range of one another. For this reason, many messages may have to be relayed towards their destination through multiple hops. Other than the clear advantages this strategy brings about in terms of connectivity among far nodes, multihop routing generates two types of ov

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Book 20121st editionrking facets that are relevant for underwater applications. This report serves both as an introduction to the subject and as a summary of existing protocols, providing support and inspiration for the development of network architectures.

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Topics Bordering the Physical Layer,nodes, but this can also be impractical. Common for both approaches is that the accuracy will vary and errors might occur (human in the loop). From this point of view it would be beneficial to be able to have the nodes doing time synchronization through the actual acoustic network.

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Medium Access Control,hput, latency, energy efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. Weights can be given to different MAC objectives, depending on application and requirements. MAC protocols can be subdivided in contention-free schemes and contention-based schemes.

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Routing,erhead: on one hand the messages get replicated throughout the network, as multiple nodes relay the original transmission; on the other hand, the decisions about which node should be a relay require some sort of signalling before routing actually takes place.

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