书目名称 | Understanding Understanding | 副标题 | Essays on Cybernetic | 编辑 | Heinz Foerster | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/942/941691/941691.mp4 | 图书封面 |  | 描述 | In these essays Heinz von Foerster discusses some of the fundamental principles that govern how we know the world and how we process the information from which we derive that knowledge. Included are path- breaking articles concerning the principles of computation in neural nets (1967), the definition of self-organizing systems (1960), the nature of cognition (1970), as well as recent expansions on these themes (e.g. "How recursive is communication," 1993). Working with Norbert Wiener, Warren McCullough, and others in the 1960s and 1970s, von Foerster was one of the founders of the science of cybernetics, which has had profound effects both on modern systems theory and on the philosophy of cognition. At the Biological Computer Laboratory at the University of Illinois he produced the first parallel computers and contributed to many other developments in the theory of computation and cognition. | 出版日期 | Book 2003 | 关键词 | Memory; Niklas Luhmann; Perception; cognition; communication; cybernetics; epistemology; ethics; knowledge; s | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/b97451 | isbn_softcover | 978-1-4419-2982-2 | isbn_ebook | 978-0-387-21722-2 | copyright | Springer Science+Business Media New York 2003 |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,On Self-Organizing Systems and Their Environments, |
H. von Foerster |
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,Computation in Neural Nets, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,What Is Memory that It May Have Hindsight and Foresight as well?, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Molecular Ethology, An Immodest Proposal for Semantic Clarification, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Thoughts and Notes on Cognition, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Responsibilities of Competence, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Perception of the Future and the Future of Perception, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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“The definition of a problem and the action taken to solve it largely depend on the view which the individuals or groups that discovered the problem have of the system to which it refers. A problem may thus find itself defined as a badly interpreted output, or as a faulty output of a faulty output device, or as a faulty output due to a malfunction in an otherwise faultless system, or as a correct but undesired output from a faultless and thus undesirable system. All definitions but the last suggest corrective action; only the last definition suggests change, and so presents an unsolvable problem to anyone opposed to change” (Herbert Brün, 1971)..Truisms have the disadvantage that by dulling the senses they obscure the truth. Almost nobody will become alarmed when told that in times of continuity the future equals the past. Only a few will become aware that from this follows that in times of socio-cultural change the future will . be like the past. Moreover, with a future not clearly perceived, we do not know how to act with only one certainty left: if we don’t act ourselves, we shall be acted upon. Thus, if we wish to be subjects, rather than objects, what we see now, that is, our
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,On Constructing a Reality, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Cybernetics of Epistemology, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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If “epistemology” is taken to be the theory of knowledge acquisition, rather than of knowledge per se, then—it is argued—the appropriate conceptual framework for such an epistemology is that of cybernetics, the only discipline that has given us a rigorous treatment of circular causality. The processes by which knowledge is acquired, i.e., the cognitive processes, are interpreted as computational algorithms which, in turn, are being computed. This leads to the contemplation of computations that compute computations, and so one, that is, of recursive computations with a regress of arbitrary depth..From this point of view the activity of the nervous system, some experiments, the foundations of a future theory of behavior and its ethical consequences, are discussed.
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,Notes on an Epistemology for Living Things, |
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,Objects: Tokens for (Eigen-)Behaviors, |
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,Disorder/Order: Discovery or Invention?, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Cybernetics of Cybernetics, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,For Niklas Luhmann: “How Recursive is Communication?”, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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,Introduction to Natural Magic, |
Heinz von Foerster,Paul Schroeder |
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,Publications, |
Heinz von Foerster |
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Back Matter |
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