Titlebook: Uncertainty and Vagueness in Knowledge Based Systems; Numerical Methods Rudolf Kruse,Erhard Schwecke,Jochen Heinsohn Book 1991 Springer-Ver

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Heuristic Models,oundations are not or only incompletely led back to some sound theory — as given by probability theory, for instance. This is because heuristic approaches aim at avoiding certain “problems” arising from the use of, e.g., probability theory. The reasons that are often mentioned in this context are th

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Probability Based Models,echniques. Just in the last few years a revival of using probability theory in representing uncertainty has taken place. It was given considerable insight into the application of probability theory and pointed out some misconceptions about its applicability. Also, new theoretical results from statis

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Models Based on the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence,t permits assignment of degrees of belief to sets of hypotheses rather than to hypotheses in isolation. The underlying idea is that the process of narrowing the hypothesis set with the collection of evidence is better represented in terms of this theory than in terms of Bayesian approaches. For this

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Related Research,ess are not treated, and due to space limitations we shall not present concepts such as probabilistic logic within the book. Although one could argue that probabilistic logic is also a numerical method, we regard it is more as a combination of a calculus for uncertainty handling and a logical calcul

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Book 1991artificial intelligence. It puts particular emphasis on a thorough analysis of these phenomena and on the development of sound mathematical modeling approaches. Beyond this theoretical basis the scope of the book includes also implementational aspects and a valuation of existing models and systems.

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Vague Data,o be distinguished from fuzzy sets although there are various formal similarities. Finally we address the evaluation of vague data by the use of the concepts of possibility and necessity, and show how to apply these techniques in practice.

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Probability Based Models,ight into the application of probability theory and pointed out some misconceptions about its applicability. Also, new theoretical results from statistics and probability theory present arguments for the utility of probabilities for reasoning.