书目名称 | Ultrasound Imaging | 副标题 | Advances and Applica | 编辑 | Joao Miguel Sanches,Andrew F. Laine,Jasjit S. Suri | 视频video | | 概述 | Presents recent advances in Ultrasound imaging technology covering several organs and techniques from a Biomedical Engineering (BME) perspective.Covers a wide range of topics from the physics and stat | 图书封面 |  | 描述 | .Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound has recently taken an explosive growth for better safer, economic, mobile and high quality healthcare. This technology is very appealing for medical applications because it is non-ionizing, non-invasive and it is available in most of the medical and clinical facilities. Its low cost, when compared with other medical image modalities, makes it one of the preferred tools for medical monitoring, follow-up and diagnosis. Besides the traditional fields of Cardiology and Obstetrics, where it is extensively used for long time, it has became also very useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the prostate, liver and coronaries and carotids atherosclerosis. .However, Ultrasound images present poor quality, very low signal to noise ratio and a lot of artifacts. The extraction of useful information from Ultrasound data for diagnosis is a challenge task that makes this medical image modality a very active field of research. The difficulties are being overcome and novel and advanced methods are being proposed for detection, characterization and segmentation of abnormalities in several organs. In fact, Ultrasound application range is vast, covering almost | 出版日期 | Book 2012 | 关键词 | Ultrasonography | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1180-2 | isbn_softcover | 978-1-4899-9793-7 | isbn_ebook | 978-1-4614-1180-2 | copyright | Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 |
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Front Matter |
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RF Ultrasound Estimation from B-Mode Images |
José Seabra,João Miguel Sanches |
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This chapter describes a method to estimate/recover the ultrasound RF envelope signal from the observed B-mode images by taking into account the main operations usually performed by the ultrasound scanner in the acquisition process.The proposed method assumes a Rayleigh distribution for the RF signal and a nonlinear logarithmic law, depending on unknown parameters, to model the compression procedure performed by the scanner used to improve the visualization of the data.The goal of the proposed method is to estimate the parameters of the compression law, depending on the specific brightness and contrast adjustments performed by the operator during the acquisition process, in order to revert the process.The method provides an accurate observation model which allows to design robust and effective despeckling ∕ reconstruction methods for morphological and textural analysis of Ultrasound data to be used in . (CAD) applications.Numerous simulations with synthetic and real data, acquired under different conditions and from different tissues, show the robustness of the method and the validity of the adopted observation model to describe the acquisition process implemented in the convention
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A Rayleigh Mixture Model for IVUS Imaging |
José Seabra,Francesco Ciompi,Petia Radeva,João Miguel Sanches |
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Carotid and coronary vascular problems, such as heart attack or stroke, are often originated in vulnerable plaques. Hence, the accurate characterization of plaque echogenic contents could help in diagnosing such lesions..The Rayleigh distribution is widely accepted as an appropriate model to describe plaque morphology although it is known that other more complex distributions depending on multiple parameters are usually needed whenever the tissues show significant heterogeneity.In this chapter a new model to describe the tissue echo-morphology by using a mixture of Rayleigh distribution is described. This model, called . (RMM), combines the robustness of a mixture model with the mathematical simplicity and adequacy of the Rayleigh distributions to deal with the . multiplicative noise that corrupts the ultrasound images..The method for the automatic estimation of the RMM mixture parameters by using the . (EM) algorithm is described.The performance of the proposed model is evaluated with a database of in-vitro IVUS samples. We show that the mixture coefficients and Rayleigh parameters explicitly derived from the mixture model are able to accurately describe different plaque types and
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Ultrasound Despeckle Methods |
Simone Balocco,Carlo Gatta,Josepa Mauri Ferré,Petia Radeva |
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Speckle, a form of multiplicative noise, affects imaging applications such as medical Ultrasound (US). The effectiveness of a segmentation and registration process can be improved when the noise is removed without affecting important image features. This chapter details the main speckle reducing filtering categories and provides an extended comparison of various state-of-the-art algorithms focusing on the anisotropic filters family. A series of in silico experiments has been designed with the aim to compare the performances of the state-of-the-art approaches on synthetic images corrupted by a controlled amount of speckle noise. Additional in vivo experiments have been designed for illustrating the interest of using an accurate filtering method as pre-processing stage, in order to improve the performance of the segmentation methods.
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Ultrasound Speckle/Despeckle Image Decomposition for Tissue Analysis |
José Seabra,João Miguel Sanches |
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Speckle corrupting Ultrasound images depends on the acoustic characteristics of the observed tissues. De-speckling methods are usually employed to improve visualization and interpretation of anatomical details and the information encoded in speckle pattern is usually discarded. This information, however, may contain useful information for diagnostic purposes..This chapter proposes a joint method to estimate the despeckled and speckle components from the ultrasound data for morphological and textural analysis of the tissues. The method is based on a two-step approach. In the first step a denoised image is computed and in the second step the speckle field is obtained from the despeckle data obtained on the first step and from the original image..The despeckle image provides morphological and anatomical information of the region under analysis while the speckle field is suitable to compute textural information mainly related with tissue micro-structure..The adequacy of the proposed decomposition method is assessed by using both synthetic and real data from distinct tissues. Several different case studies and applications are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the method for tis
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Media and Intima Thickness and Texture Analysis of the Common Carotid Artery |
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CAUDLES-EF: Carotid Automated Ultrasound Double Line Extraction System Using Edge Flow |
Filippo Molinari,Kristen M. Meiburger,Guang Zeng,Andrew Nicolaides,Jasjit S. Suri |
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The evaluation of the carotid artery wall is essential for the diagnosis of cardiovascular pathologies or for the assessment of a patient’s cardiovascular risk..This chapter presents a complete user-independent algorithm, which automatically extracts the far double line (lumen–intima and media–adventitia) in the carotid artery using an Edge Flow technique based on the directional probability maps using the attributes of intensity and texture. Specifically, the algorithm traces the boundaries between the lumen and intima layer (line one) and between the media and adventitia layer (line two). The Carotid Automated Double Line Extraction System based on Edge Flow (CAUDLES-EF) is characterized and validated by comparing the output of the algorithm with the manual tracing boundaries carried out by three experts. We also benchmark our new technique with the two other completely automatic techniques (CALEXia and CULEXsa) that we had previously published.Our multi-institutional database consisted of 300 longitudinal B-mode carotid images with normal and pathologic arteries. We compared our current new method with previous methods, and showed the mean and standard deviation for the three me
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Activity Index: A Tool to Identify Active Carotid Plaques |
Luís Mendes Pedro,Isabel Gonçalves,Ruy Fernandes e Fernandes,José Seabra,João Miguel Sanches,José Fe |
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Carotid bifurcation disease is a major cause of stroke in the western population. Atherosclerotic plaques located at the carotid bifurcation are a source of atheroembolization into the brain and may also cause flow restriction. Severity of stenosis is related with the risk of stroke as shown in multicenter studies. Nevertheless, in asymptomatic disease, the risk is lower and the number of operations needed to prevent one stroke is substantial. This led to the investigation of other factors beyond stenosis and related to the structure of the carotid lesion aiming to identify those lesions associated to increased risk (active plaques). High definition ultrasonography with computer-assisted analysis allows the objective investigation of plaque echogenicity and structure. The authors present an ultrasonographic index (Activity Index) which was shown to be accurate in the identification of symptomatic (active) carotid plaques and provided to be useful for clinical decisions.
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Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization By Intravascular Ultrasound |
Francesco Ciompi,Oriol Pujol,Josepa Mauri Ferré,Petia Radeva |
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The accurate characterization of in vivo atherosclerotic plaques represents an important task during percutaneous intervention. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based imaging technique that provides a detailed cross-sectional representation of the internal morphology of the vessel, thus allowing to assess plaque amount and composition. In this chapter the state of the art methods for automatic plaque characterization in IVUS are analyzed. The main classification techniques as well as the most discriminative features are illustrated. Furthermore, a recently presented technique for the fusion of in vivo and in vitro IVUS data is illustrated.
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Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Plaque Characterization |
José Seabra,Jasjit S. Suri,João Miguel Sanches |
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The chapter proposes a framework for extending the analysis of the atherosclerotic disease to a three-dimensional perspective. Different data acquisition systems, either based on a robotic arm setup or free-hand are proposed, in order to collect image sequences that completely describe the plaque anatomy. A 3D reconstruction method is proposed, comprising a Rayleigh based de-speckling approach and interpolation. As a consequence, 3D maps accounting for plaque echogenicity and texture, according to appropriate local Rayleigh estimators are obtained. Furthermore, the application of a segmentation approach which makes use of the Graph-cuts method, provides an efficient way to segment and locally identify unstable regions throughout the plaque. This information, complemented with a more accurate inspection of plaque morphology, may have an important clinical impact in disease diagnosis.
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Real-Time 4D Cardiac Segmentation by Active Geometric Functions |
Qi Duan,Andrew F. Laine,Jasjit S. Suri |
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Recent advances in 4D imaging and real-time imaging provide image data with clinically important dynamic information at high spatial or temporal resolution. The enormous amount of information contained in these data, on the other hand, has also raised a challenge for traditional image analysis algorithms in terms of efficiency. In this chapter, a novel deformable model framework, active geometric functions (AGFs), is introduced for the real-time segmentation problem. As an implicit deformable framework in parallel with level-set, AGF has mathematical advantages in efficiency and computational complexity as well as several flexible features similar to level-set framework. The performance of AGF is demonstrated in two cardiac applications: endocardial segmentation in 4D ultrasound and myocardial segmentation in MRI with super high temporal resolution. In both applications, AGF can perform accurate real-time segmentation in several milliseconds per frame, which was less than the acquisition time per frame. Segmentation results are compared to manual tracing with comparable performance with inter-observer variability. The ability of such real-time segmentation will not only facilitate
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Classification and Staging of Chronic Liver Disease Based on Ultrasound, Laboratorial, and Clinical |
Ricardo Ribeiro,Rui Tato Marinho,Jasjit S. Suri,João Miguel Sanches |
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Chronic liver disease is a progressive disease, most of the time asymptomatic, and potentially fatal. In this chapter, an automatic procedure to stage the disease is proposed based on ultrasound (US) liver images, clinical and laboratorial data..A new hierarchical classification and feature selection (FS) approach, inspired in the current diagnosis procedure used in the clinical practice, here called . (CBC), is described. The classification procedure follows the well-established strategy of liver disease .. The decisions are taken with different classifiers by using different features optimized to the particular task for which they were designed. It is shown that the . method outperforms the traditional . (OAA) method because it take into account the natural evolution of the hepatic disease. Different specific features are used to detect and classify different stages of the liver disease as it happens in the classical diagnosis performed by the medical doctors..The proposed method uses multi-modal features, extracted from US images, laboratorial and clinical data, that are known to be more appropriated according to the disease stage we want to detect. Therefore, a battery of class
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Assessment of Bone Healing Using Ultrasound |
Hasan Al-Nashash,Nasser N. Qaddoumi |
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Human bone has the remarkable capacity of remodeling and self repair through a complex regenerative healing process resulting in the gradual restoration of its mechanical properties and load bearing capacity [1]. Fracture healing goes through three distinct stages: reactive phase which includes inflammatory phase and granulation tissue formation, reparation phase which includes callus formation and lamellar bone deposition, and remodeling phase in which woven bone is replaced by mature bone. Although surgical intervention and fracture immobilization facilitate healing, fracture healing is known to be a physiological process. The connective tissue membrane covering the bone determines the healing process of a fractured bone. This connective tissue is the primary source of bone cells responsible for generating new bone during growth and repair. The length of the healing process depends on the extent of the fracture. It takes up to three weeks for the majority of upper bodily fractures and it takes up to four weeks for lower body fractures.
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Image-Guided Cryoablation of the Prostate |
Sutchin R. Patel,Gyan Pareek,Jasjit S. Suri |
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Minimally invasive treatments continue to evolve as an alternative means for the treatment of prostatic tumors. Of the mainstream ablative procedures reported in the literature, the cryotherapy data appear to be the most durable. The technological innovations in the use of urethral warming devices and real-time transrectal ultrasound sonography have lead to effective tumor ablation with a reduction in the morbidity of the procedure. Although limited long-term survival data utilizing cryotherapy are available, recent series have provided compelling results, promoting interest in prostatic cryoablation. This chapter assesses the importance of imaging technology in the current status of cryotherapy for prostate tumors.
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Applications of Multiscale Overcomplete Wavelet-Based Representations in Intravascular Ultrasound (I |
Amin Katouzian,Elsa Angelini,Bernhard Sturm,Elisa Konofagou,Stephane G. Carlier,Andrew F. Laine |
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The importance of atherosclerotic disease in coronary artery has been a subject of study for many researchers in the past decade. In brief, the aim is to understand progression of such a disease, detect plaques at risks (vulnerable plaques), and treat them selectively to prevent mortality and immobility. Consequently, several imaging modalities have been developed and among them intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been of particular interest since it provides useful information about tissues microstructures and images with sufficient penetration as well as resolution.
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,Erratum To: Real-Time 4D Cardiac Segmentation by Active Geometric Functions, |
Qi Duan,Andrew F. Laine,Jasjit S. Suri |
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Back Matter |
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