Titlebook: Ultrasonic Testing of Materials; Josef Krautkrämer,Herbert Krautkrämer,Werner Grabe Book 19772nd edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Introductionectromagnetic waves where the electric and magnetic state of the space oscillates. In air a sound wave moves a discrete volume of air back and forth around its neutral position, whereas a light wave has no influence on its state of rest or motion.

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Geometric Ultrasonic Opticsscussing reflection and refraction in Chapter 2. In this connection it should, however, not be overlooked that this method fails to take into account a very important property, both of light waves and ultrasonic waves, viz. the wave structure.

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Testing by Means of Transverse, Surface and Plate Wavesthat losses by scatter reflections do not occur. The effect of surface roughness, however, decreases as the angle of incidence becomes larger. In addition the amplitude decreases only according to the law of distance (divergence of beam) and the attenuation of the material for transverse waves.

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