| 书目名称 | The Political Economy of Wasta: Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking | | 编辑 | Mohamed A. Ramady | | 视频video | | | 概述 | Investigates the implications of a political and economic system that relies significantly on reciprocity and cronyism.Analyzes the effects of wasta on the education and labor market within GCC countr | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | .The term ‘.wasta. stems from the Arabic root for ‘middle’ or ‘medium.’. and describes the phenomenon of using ‘connections’ to find job, government services or other favors to circumvent bureaucracy or bypass the system as a whole. The effects of ‘.wasta’. may be both positive or negative, and is not a phenomenon that is particular to the Arab or Muslim world, but also to many other cultures and regions of the world, with similar concepts popularly known as .ubuntu, guanxi, harambee, naoberschop, .or. “old boy network”. used in African, Chinese and European societies. .By its very nature ‘.wasta’. is an area of grey or even black information, and, like corruption to which it is most often associated, is hard to assess although country corruption perception indexes attempt to provide a quantifiable basis. In the final analysis such ratings are based on .perceptions. of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more atomized societies where relationships are essentially transactional and rule based. In a western perspective where ‘wasta’ may be co | | 出版日期 | Book 2016 | | 关键词 | Corruption; Crony Capitalism; GCC Countries; Islamic Ummah; Middle East; Wasta | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22201-1 | | isbn_softcover | 978-3-319-36951-8 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-319-22201-1 | | copyright | Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 |
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发表于 2025-3-21 16:44:21
