Titlebook: Syria; The Tragedy of a Piv Rajendra M. Abhyankar Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spr

JEER

Evolve

Book 2020of established norms---both global or national--- which have determined international relations during the last seven decades. It postulates that since 2011, the Syrian situation has catalysed the breakdown of the international system based on the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions. T

insomnia

heterodox

Why Syria Matters,tory, streams in civilization, religion and politics. In nurturing three great religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam—Syria’s contribution to world civilization is incomparable. At the same time, in a repetition of history, the civil war has made Syria the . of a failed international system. The

物质

Emasculate

The Assad Presidency: Should Longevity Trump Acceptability?,he Arab defeat in 1968 against Israel; the burning Arab desire for unity and solidarity; and the ideology of Arab Ba’ath Socialism whose secular ethos favoured Assad’s minority community, the Alawi. Each of these played a major part in his acquisition, retention and consolidation of power. Hafez Ass

headway

Role of Regional and International Powers,involvement against a sovereign country, with a legally constituted government, has thrown overboard the cardinal UN principle of non-interference in internal affairs of states. Russian and Iranian participation on the side of the government has helped the Assad regime to regain the country. It has

广大

International Efforts Towards Peace Agency and Results,the failure of the Kofi Annan and Lakhdar Brahimi missions and following eight Geneva conferences, the peace-making effort passed to the Astana Process run by Russia, Turkey and Iran. After eight rounds in Astana, the participants have agreed to provide forces to police and keep the peace in contigu

Formidable

Future Evolution,s in the region remained confined within national borders because of cross-border linkages of family, tribe and sect. The long-running civil war has transformed the character of disruptive forces of ethnicity, religion and division from centripetal into centrifugal radiating to Syria’s neighbours an

音乐会