书目名称 | Synthetic Gyrolite | 副标题 | A Dual Solution for | 编辑 | Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/885/884361/884361.mp4 | 概述 | Presents the synthesis and properties of calcium silicate hydrates.Includes various instrumental analysis techniques.Provides useful reference to researchers and graduate students | 图书封面 |  | 描述 | .This book explores the topic of gyrolite and calcium silicate hydrates, focusing on their potential applications in wastewater purification and as additives in ordinary Portland cement. Divided into five chapters, the book provides a comprehensive description of calcium silicate hydrates and addresses challenges in reusing solid waste. It also covers the synthesis and application of gyrolite, offering technological recommendations for future studies. The results presented are supported by instrumental analysis techniques and thermodynamic calculations, allowing readers to delve into inorganic chemistry and materials characterization. The book is suitable for both researchers and students interested in chemistry and materials characterization, offering valuable insights and guidance in the field.. | 出版日期 | Book 2024 | 关键词 | Gyrolite; Heavy metal ions; Hydrothermal synthesis; Adsorption; Solid waste; Porosity | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49259-4 | isbn_softcover | 978-3-031-49261-7 | isbn_ebook | 978-3-031-49259-4 | copyright | The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,General Understanding of Calcium Silicate Hydrates, |
Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas |
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Abstract
The first chapter of the monograph reports the general description, and classification of calcium silicate hydrates. According to the classification, 45 calcium silicate hydrates can be categorized into seven groups. The classification was proposed by Roy and Taylor and was later expanded and fine-tuned by a number of other scientists. Notably, Richardson made the last update on the classification in 2008. However, new calcium silicate hydrates have been discovered or synthesized during the last decade, which are therefore not included in the classification yet. Thus, in this chapter, the description of the newly discovered or synthesized compounds (hydroxyledgrewite, trabzonite, chegemite, etc.) is presented. Also, the synthesis conditions of high purity hydroxyledgrewite and its main properties are extensively described.
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,Synthesis and Properties of Gyrolite, |
Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas |
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Abstract
The second chapter of the monograph starts with the comprehensive literature review on the natural gyrolite (properties, formation, and crystal structure) and the background information about hydrothermal synthesis of gyrolite. In this chapter, the dependence of the main properties (specific surface area, predominant pore size and their radial distribution, crystal size, and shape) of synthetic gyrolite on the duration of hydrothermal synthesis is described. It was found that gyrolite is stable till 168 h during hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C temperature in mixtures of calcium oxide and amorphous silicon dioxide. Furthermore, it was shown that, by prolonging the duration of hydrothermal synthesis from 32 to 168 h, the crystallite size of synthetic gyrolite increases from 44 to 95 nm, while the amount of the adsorbed and interlayer water in the structure of synthetic gyrolite as well as the specific surface area and total pore volume decrease.
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,Solid Waste. Application of AlF3 Production Waste to Gyrolite Synthesis, |
Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas |
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Abstract
The third chapter of the monograph begins with a literature review about the influence of foreign ions on the formation of synthetic gyrolite. As the next step, a detailed description of solid waste—silica gel contaminated with aluminum and fluorine ions—is presented. This waste is usually landfilled, which may lead to serious environmental issues. The application of silica gel waste is limited because it contains ~10 wt% of F. ions; however, the high concentration of SiO. (78.9 wt%) makes this waste a potential source of silica for the synthesis of silicates. Finally, the synthesis of gyrolite was performed by changing the molar ratio of the initial mixture and raw materials. The results of the experimental part and the thermodynamic calculations of hypothetical crystallization reactions of calcium silicate hydrates in the investigated system showed that the formation of gyrolite family compounds under hydrothermal synthesis conditions proceeds according to the following sequence: 0.66CaO + SiO. + H.O → C–S–H(I) → .-phase → gyrolite gel → gyrolite → truscottite. Also, it was determined that silica gel waste is a prospective SiO. source for the synthesis of low-base calcium silicat
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,Application of Synthetic Gyrolite for Adsorption, |
Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas |
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Abstract
The fourth chapter of the monograph describes the necessity of adsorption of heavy metal ions and the feasibility of application of synthetic gyrolite for this process. The adsorption offers flexibility in design and operation compared with the alternative water treatment methods. Adsorption depends on the nature and properties of the adsorbate and the adsorptive. Thus, academic knowledge on the synthesis along with the research of low-cost and effective adsorbents is in great demand. Synthetic gyrolite is characterized by a high value of the thickness of the interlayer sheets (2.2 nm); thus, it can absorb a high amount of different ions. For this reason, adsorption experiments in solutions with different chemical compositions were performed. As a result, it was determined that synthetic gyrolite could be used for both single and simultaneous adsorption of metal ions; however, the adsorption rate and capacity depend on the nature of the adsorbate. Finally, the selectivity sequences of synthetic gyrolite according to the adsorbed amount of metal ions were presented by summarizing the experimental results.
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,Utilization of Synthetic Gyrolite in Ordinary Portland Cement, |
Kęstutis Baltakys,Tadas Dambrauskas |
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Abstract
The fifth chapter of the monograph starts on the review of literature on the environmental challenges posed by ordinary Portland cement production and possible solutions. One of the possible solutions is the application of synthetic pure gyrolite and synthetic gyrolite with intercalated cadmium ions as additives for ordinary Portland cement. The use of adsorbents in cement prevents secondary pollution caused by metal ions during landfilling. Furthermore, it was proven that both pure and contaminated synthetic gyrolite positively affects the early stage hydration of ordinary Portland cement as well as its compressive strength. Also, the hydration kinetics by using different models was investigated. The chapter is concluded with technological recommendations for the production and application of synthetic gyrolite.
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Back Matter |
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Abstract
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